Grendel As Dynamic Character English Literature Essay

Grendel As Dynamic Character English Literature Essay John Gardners Grendel gives us a top to bottom glance at the character and attitude of a beast known to be a foe to humanity. The peruser is seeing the world through the eyes of Grendel, giving the peruser the sentiment of having a cozy relationship with him. Through this cozy relationship that the peruser makes with Grendel, it becomes obvious that Grendel experiences a character change all through the novel as a powerful character. Grendels advancement all through the novel is profoundly affected by his correspondence with the Shaper, Grendels mother, and the mythical serpent. The primary human to affect Grendel was the Shaper, a visually impaired man who lectures everyone around him. The main notice of the Shaper was in part one, when Grendel assaulted Hrothgars meadhall. During Grendels assault, the imperfections of human nature become clear. Rather than fleeing at seeing an appalling beast, the residents become solidified in dread like a dear in headlights. The main special case to these people was the Shaper, who acted rapidly and in spite of his visual deficiency, had the option to get away from the structure and flee from the peril. Grendel had appreciated the Shaper for being not the same as different people, and responding appropriately and rapidly, just as for having information Grendel wished he could have himself. Grendels envy for a psyche like the Shaper makes him load up with desire, so he subliminally attempts to reflect the philosophy of the Shaper regardless of not being a human. The Shapers melodies educate Grendel about the way that the people live and work. To Grendel, apparently everybody around cherishes and regards the Shaper, which is obvious when Grendel clarifies that the individuals, and even the encompassing slopes were quieted when the Shaper talked. This prominence causes Grendel to wish that he could resemble the Shaper significantly more, with the goal that he can at last lose the sentiment of confinement and increase acknowledgment among the people. As Grendel breaks down the ubiquity and intrigue of the Shaper, he starts to acknowledge why individuals have are continually fleeing at his sight. Grendel jumps profound into himself to get a feeling of the blemishes in his own character, and subliminally concluded that he doesnt truly need nor care about getting the endorsement of the people since he isnt a human and shouldnt need to live by the desires and measures that they have for themselves. (Gardner, letter) He was conceived not as a human, yet as a beast that could always be unable to live like th e people, and rather should follow his own job in the public eye: to threaten and murder people. In spite of the fact that it was obvious that Grendel thought about his mom, their relationship wasnt consistently great. She was controlling, and endeavors to keep Grendel next to her all through the novel, however she cherished him and was even viewed as a wellspring of solace to him (Grendel pg. 17). In section two of the novel, Grendel sees his mom as a fat and lethargic beast who is to unintelligent to ready to communicate in a similar language as the people. As the mother attempts to turn out to be progressively defensive and shielding of Grendel, he attempts to split away from her more and treats her as really a beast or creature rather than a comparable to himself. He understands that she is actually what he needs to abstain from turning out to be, so he starts to invest less energy with her and rather invest additional time with the people, which begins to cause him to turn out to be more similar to a human than a beast. Grendel turned out to be increasingly free as he looke d less to his mom for counsel and started to have an independent mind, utilizing his own contemplations and perceptions as a rule. He begins to create philosophical musings, and starts to scrutinize the importance and motivation behind life. At the focuses in the novel where Grendel is leaving or coming back to the cavern, his brain gets eager with considerations about the people and what he should. The multifaceted nature of Grendels considerations is equal with the mind boggling plan of the cavern itself. Getting in and out of the cavern is no straightforward procedure. Grendel portrays the procedure as swimming up through the firesnakes, hot dull whalecocks lurking the radiant green of the unimportant., and proceeds by saying that he swallowed stirring waves and smoke, which infers that the insignificant is ablaze. (Grendel pg. 9) The water is utilized as an image of the psyche and feeling, which clarifies the contemplations that begin to hop around in Grendels head as he is on h is way in or out of his cavern. Grendels pondering internally is vital to his advancement as an autonomous person. He feels so needy close to the furthest limit of the book that he even overlooks the admonition of his mom. His mom needs to secure him and caution him of the peril he is getting into, however her notice just comes out as Warovvish. (Grendel pg. 145) Without attempting to comprehend what she was stating, he disregards her admonition as babble and proceeds with what he initially arranged. Rather than depending on the counsel and assessments of others, Grendel attempts to sift through everything inside his own considerations. This makes him become less and less reliant on different characters, which thusly permits him to turn out to be a greater amount of a person. The last character to affect Grendels character was the mythical beast, who shows up in part five of the novel. Preceding gathering the winged serpent, the main being that Grendel met more impressive than himself was his mom. Grendel turned out to be so startled at the site of the tremendous mythical serpent that he could scarcely even talk. Grendel has never truly felt this degree of dread, and it causes him to understand that there are more fearsome animals to walk the planet than him. This dread likewise defends the sentiment of the dread the people display while experiencing Grendel, so he presently comprehends their dread of him. The mythical beast ends up being an extraordinarily brilliant logician, and when the winged serpent begins guessing what him might be thinking, Grendel turns out to be significantly progressively scared of him. He never felt dread like when he saw the winged serpent, so he didnt comprehend why the people would flee in fear regardless of whether he were to do nothing incorrectly. He reveals to Grendel that the substance of life is to be found in the disappointment of set up request, so he should keep threatening the people. (Grendel pg. 67) The mythical beast continues to disclose to him that being dread to all people that is really imperative to their turn of events. He proceeds to clarify that people are continually attempting to obliterate anything they consider to be insidious, however detestable is in reality critical to them in light of the fact that without underhanded, the world would not be adjusted. The winged serpent attempts to disclose to Grendel that he drives them to verse, science, religion, every one of that makes them what they are really going after long as they last (Grendel pg. 72).This implies that Grendel is in reality critical to human culture, and without him, humankind would not be progressed as it is today. This showdown with the mythical serpent permits Grendel to free himself of the questions he had abo ut the profound quality of slaughtering people, at long last giving him the explanation and compliance he wanted to proceed with his job in the public arena. Grendel has gotten one of the most significant and created characters since the commencement of writing, in spite of him being an adversary. His contemplations frequently strife with one another, however before the finish of the novel, they become profound and complex. After his showdown with winged serpent, Grendel at long last builds up a comprehension of his job in the public arena, and the significance that he plays. Through the impact of Grendels experiences with the people and other significant characters all through the book, he had the option to experience a change and become a substantially more astute, modern being. In the start of the novel, Grendel was depicted similar to a unintelligent beast, confined from the people, having no comprehension of his job and significance to society, however before the finish of the book, Grendel has formed into a modern being with a more prominent comprehension of the world than the people even have.

America and the Second World War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

America and the Second World War - Essay Example They likewise respect the individuals who leave inheritances through being acceptable at accomplishing something or accomplishing an incredible accomplishment in the course of their lives. This sort of way of life has generally stayed unaltered particularly for the German individuals consequently sees about them will consistently stay same (Burgan, 55). The genuine shock is the way that a person in this general public who has accomplished such a great deal and accomplished incredible things winds up living his dusk a long time in a way that doesn't befit an individual of his bore which is straightforwardly affected by the administration set up. I would seek after the accompanying subjects: Education, Politics, Inter-social relations, and Family Unit and Socio-social exercises. The most significant thing I have gained from this course is on the off chance that anybody obliges oneself to buckle down, at that point unquestionably they will wind up fruitful. Any individual who is celebrated will undoubtedly succeed. It doesn't make a difference what an individual foundation or start point is, on the off chance that they buckle down, at that point clearly they will prevail with regards to anything they set their psyches. The setting here is about an American president by the name Mr. Woodraw Wilsons. During efforts for the administration of the United States of America, he had utilized the part of not getting America associated with world wars as his principle lure for winning re-appointment, which he did barely. At that point from that point onward, he changes his strategy. He felt that on the off chance that America needed to have a more prominent state in world issues, at that point it needed to include itself in war and through this get whatever number partners as would be prudent. Also, as such President Wilsons, with an end goal to make America not to stay impartial in a universal war, made a decree of May 1917 preceding Congress and for an announcement of war to be made on the Germans (Burgan, 45). As I would like to think, the Zimmermann message was not a legitimate purpose behind getting into war but rather was basically a guise.

How Your Attitude and Self-Talk Affect Stress

How Your Attitude and Self-Talk Affect Stress Stress Management Management Techniques Print How to Change Your Self-Talk and Reduce Stress By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on August 04, 2019 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living Hero Images/Getty Images It’s well-known in the therapeutic community that negative statements from others can erode our sense of self-worth. Children tend to believe negative assessments of them from teachers and parents and develop a compromised self-concept when criticized on a regular basis. Researchers estimate  that it’s necessary for the ratio of positive-to-negative comments be at least five to one for a relationship to be healthy and survive long-term. For these reasons, we’re taught not to let others put us down. Sometimes the person eroding our sense of self-worth and limiting our potential is us. That’s right, our self-talk, or the words our inner dialogue uses when we think, can increase our stress levels, limit our potential, and color our experience with a negative pen. Here are some more detailed reasons why this happens, with links to resources you can use to change your mind and turn self-sabotage into self-mastery. Language Colors Experience Though it’s not clear as to  what extent this occurs, it has been found that the types of words we use can alter expectations and even our perceptions of reality. For example: If you’ve been told that a difficult person is ‘a nightmare to work with’, you will probably perceive that person as more frustrating than if you’ve been told they’re ‘particular’ or ‘somewhat demanding’.If your dentist tells you, ‘This will hurt. A lot!”, you will probably find a procedure more painful than if you’ve been told ‘You may experience some discomfort.’Research has found that people who speak different languages may see the same things differently based on the words their language uses to describe these things. For example, studies show that language can affect the perception of color. (People who spoke a certain language that classifies blue and green as different shades of the same color were less able than English speakers to differentiate colors that toed the line between blue and green.) These effects influence the right brain more than the left, but the influence is clearly significant. As it subtly colors what you perceive and what you dwell on, negative self-talk can alter your experience of stress in the following ways. Increased Perception of Stress When your self-talk is negative, you may perceive things as more stressful. For example, when you tell yourself something is difficult or unfair, it becomes more stressful to deal with than if you tell yourself it’s a challenge or even a test. Using self-talk that is optimistic rather than pessimistic has stress management benefits, productivity benefits, and even health benefits that have been proven by research. Self-Limitation If you say “I can’t handle this,” you more likely can’t. This is because your subconscious mind tends to believe the thoughts it hears. You can limit your abilities by telling yourself you “can’t,” that “this is too hard” or that you “shouldn’t even try.” Limited Thinking When you tell yourself you can’t handle something (or some other self-limiting thought), you tend to stop looking for solutions. For example, notice the difference between telling yourself you can’t handle something and asking yourself how you will handle something. Doesn’t the second thought feel more hopeful and produce more creativity? Negative self-talk tends to be a self-fulfilling prophecy. Stopping negative thoughts and creating habitually positive internal dialogue can reduce stress and empower you. Here are some resources to help you change negative self-talk into positive self-talk.

Standpoint Theory Free Essay Example, 1500 words

However, this openness was also severely tested at various times when the immigrants came to America in waves from certain regions of the world and the make-up or composition of American society changed over time. Successive waves of immigrants fought for the same jobs and wanted a fair share of its resources; natives such as the American Indians and descendants of black slaves were subsequently slowly marginalized due to overt and subtle discrimination by the majority or dominant sector of American society. Immigration policy is a major reflection of the prevailing social attitudes at a particular time in contemporary American history. History records showed immigration policies that were clearly discriminatory in terms of outright exclusion or tight quota restrictions indicative of a growing prejudice and racial bias. Enlightened political discussions had mitigated somewhat the discrimination in America today but the fact remains that questions linger on who is considered to be an American and what is the definition of a true American? A sociological viewpoint can help explain social attitudes and practices in terms of prevailing social theories and in particular, the Standpoint Theory. We will write a custom essay sample on Standpoint Theory or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Discussion Just as history is written by the victors, the laws of any society are usually written and adopted by the dominant cultural or ethnic group in society. Sociology is more than helpful in a closer examination of the dynamics of how various groups that make up a society vie for both political and economic power. The Enlightenment Period during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries produced a good number of brilliant thinkers who discussed social theories although not yet in a strictly academic sense but rather in more philosophical terms. Great thinkers like Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1788), and Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) had published important essays on how human nature is shaped by society that in turn can lead to either smooth integration or social conflicts caused by deviant behaviors. These in turn were further expanded by the ideas of subsequent philosophers like that of Auguste Comte (1798-1857), John Stuart Mill (1806-1873), Karl Marx (1818-1883), Herbert Spencer (1820-1903), Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923), Max Weber (1864-1920), and also Pitirim Sorokin (1889-1963) but it was Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) who earned the distinction and credit of his theories having solidified and edified sociology as a valid academic discipline with the publication of his ground-breaking â€Å"Rules of the Sociological Method† back in 1895.

Option Contracts - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1493 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Essay any type Tags: Contract Law Essay India Essay Did you like this example? Subject à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Company law 1 Option Contracts -An analysis of position in India Background Put and call options are one of the preferred mechanisms for investors in India, both foreign and domestic, and in different type of transactions like joint venture, stock market, etc. In lay manà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s term a put option enjoyed by A against B gives A an option to sell certain securities at a future date at some specified price. Whereas a call option enjoyed by A against B gives A an option to compel B to sell the specified securities at a specified date and for a specified price. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Option Contracts" essay for you Create order These options are founded in commercial practicalities. In some cases the promoter has call options by which he can buy out the investors. The investment carries certain pre emptive rights as well like Right to First Refusal, Drag Along Rights, etc. This is a standard that is practiced internationally, even in India though not expressly. The recent changes by regularity authorities like RBI, SEBI and Judiciary has made the position of investors very turbulent in India. Section 2(d) of the Securities Contract (Regulation) Act, 1956 defines à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“options in securitiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  as a purchase or sell of a right to buy or sell securities in the future. The judiciary has upheld that options are not obligation but a right. Section 20 of the Securities Contract (Regulation) Act, 1956 (SCRA) had prohibited options upon securities. A 1995 amendment[1] had deleted the concerned provision, but still the air of ambiguity regarding option contracts wasnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t clear as a March 1, 2000 circular of SEBI[2] had prohibited the use of option contracts. If both the amendment and circular is read together it is logically deducible that option contracts are only valid till they are (a) spot delivery contracts; (b) hand delivery; (c) contracts for cash; (d) special delivery and (e) contracts for derivatives permissible under the SCRA or the SEBI 1992 rules.[3] Since the Amendment is still in force along with the circular by SEBI in 2000 that clarified ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s position related to prohibition on option contracts, there exists an contradiction between the 1995 amendment of SCRA and 2000 circular of SEBI. CURRENT SITUATION The SEBI by a recent 2013[4] circular has agreed to include clauses related to pre emptive rights, right of first offer, tag-along right, drag-along right and call and put options, when contained in shareholders agreements, as valid contracts, for the purpose of the SCRA. Some judicial decisions that lead to the str ategic acceptance of option contracts by SEBI has been enumerated below : In 2005 the Bombay High Court[5] dealing with the buy-back clause in a share agreement held that such a contract would not be valid under SCRA as it is not a spot delivery contract. In 2011, SEBI issued an informal guidance[6] that an agreed purchase of shares of a listed company through call or put options of a listed company is invalid, since it does not constitute a spot delivery. The contract was held not to be a derivative under SCRA as it was not a contract traded in stock exchange but settled on clearing house of a stock exchange. In 2012 Bombay High Court[7], dealing with the options of purchase or sell between parties, held that the options are mere privileges of option holder and a concluded contract would only come into existence when an option holder actually enforces the option. The appeal filed by SEBI was disposed off by the Supreme Court on grounds of mutual consent filed by parties. All this led to a deadlock which was cleared atlast by SEBI which by its 2013 circular enhanced the scope of option contracts under the SCRA. The notification clarifies that the contracts now included under SCRA shall be in accordance with the extant exchange control laws of India and that the changes shall not affect the validity of any contract entered prior to the notification. ANALYSIS Clearing the ambiguity and removing the deadlock Prior to the notification there was a lot of ambiguity related to the validity of option contracts. Two views existed, with one advocating that they were invalid as they were neither spot delivery contracts nor were they derivatives traded in the stock market as enumerated in Vulcan Engineers Case[8] and the other view advocating the validity of option contracts based on MCX[9] case judgement that advocated that such contracts were rights vested in the option holder and not a concluded contract. By including contracts for purchase or sale of securities pursuant to exercise of an option, SEBI has put to rest a long standing debate. Adding Some more Confusion While the validity of such contracts is settled by the circular, more confusion seems to be have had been added with respect to the enforcement of such contracts. As per the MCX judgement the option contract would become a contract only on exercise, hence to be settled as a spot delivery contract. However by including spot delivery and pre emptive contracts as a different class of contracts, the settlement of contracts is under ambiguity. Also as the above two contracts have been included in class of permitted contracts, there is ambiguity whether they can be traded as market securities. For example if a shareholderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s agreement contains mere call option, could the right be traded by option holder. Controlling Speculation By legalising the concept of option contract, for the validity and enforceability of contracts the selling party is required to own the securities for a minimum period of one year. Also, the contract for such sale and purchase pursuant to the exercise of an option must be by actual delivery of the underlying securities. The intent behind this clause was to prevent any speculative transactions among the parties, which was the intent behind the introduction of SCRA. Existing Contracts The circular of 2013 expressly states that the contracts entered before the circular will not be affected by the change, hence the validity and enforceability of such contracts still remains questionable. The only option the affected parties are left with in order to continue their contract is by re entering the contract on a date after the circular came into force. RBI Perspective Though SEBI has permitted options in shareholders agreements, the same have been subjected to the extant exchange control regulations. RBI has often been uncomfortable with such contracts in shareholders agreements since it views these contracts as more in the nature of debt as opposed to equity, thereby defeating the spirit of the foreign direct investment policy. The RBI has even issued various show cause notices for removal of such provisions. Unless RBI issues a notification permitting options in shareholders agreements, these options in cross border deals might still remain questionable.[10] CONCLUSION The issue of the validity of call and put options has been debated frequently. SEBI has earlier held options to be invalid in Vulcan Engineering, and recently, has even asked parties to remove put options from their agreements, as in the recent case of Vedanta Resources Plcs acquisition of Cairn India Limited. Hence the Notification is a welcome move and will bring great r elief to the domestic investors, at least. Having said that, the call and put options are subject to extant exchange control regulations. RBI has been holding such options invalid on 2 counts. First, that they were not valid contracts under SCRA, and second, that they were in the nature of debt. By way of the Notification, the first of the two issues have been addressed. To that extent, since put options is more pertinent to the second objection- it remains to be seen whether call option would now be permitted. It seems that SEBI may have consulted with the RBI before coming out with the Notification, and it is expected that RBI may soon permit options and preemptive rights from an exchange control perspective, thereby clarifying the issue in relation to these contracts. Therefore to conclude we can say that the recent circular has on one hand cleared years long ambiguity in one hand by expressly validating option contracts but on the other hand has also created confusion ove r validity of such contracts entered earlier than the circular. This leaves interested latter parties with the only option of re entering contracts. [1] Available at https://www.sebi.gov.in/acts/contractact.pdf [2] Notification S.O. 184 (E) dated March 1, 2000 [3] Ankit Guha, Are Option Contracts Enforceable, available at https://www.legallyindia.com/20090831159/Legal-opinions/are-option-clauses-actually-enforcable. [4] The Notification No. LAD-NRO/GN/2013-14/26/6667 dated October 3, 2013 availableat www.sebi.gov.in [5] Niskalp Investments and Trading Co. Ltd. vs. Hinduja TMT Ltd. [[2008] 143 Comp Cas 204 (Bom)] [6] SEBI Informal Guidance in the matter of Vulcan Engineers Limited dated May 23, 2011 availablehere https://www.sebi.gov.in/takeover/vulcanlof.pdf [7] MCX Stock Exchange Limited vs. SEBI, 2012 (114) BomLR 1002 [8] in the matter of Vulcan Engineers Limited dated May 23, 2011 availablehere https://www.sebi.gov.in/takeover/vulcanlof.pdf [9] MCX Stock Exchange Limited vs. SEBI, 2012 (114) BomLR 1002 [10] Nishith Desai Associates, SEBI Permits options and Pre emptive Agreements, available at ht tps://www.mondaq.com/india/x/270684/Shareholders/SEBI+Permits+Options+And+Preemptive+Rights+Arrangements

India and Southeast Asia, 1500 B.C.E.-600 C.E. Free Essays

Ashley Thompson AP World History Ms Thurgood,1-3 Chapter 6: India and Southeast Asia, 1500 B. C. E. We will write a custom essay sample on India and Southeast Asia, 1500 B.C.E.-600 C.E. or any similar topic only for you Order Now -600 C. E. P: *Around 1000 B. C. E the people were divided into kinship groups while the kings ruled over the tribes. Later under the Kings were military and civil officials, which dealt with records, income of the government and custom duties. During the Gupta empire there was a rather decentralized administration unlike the Mauryan Empire. *Brahmans and warriors were at the highest point in the Hierarchy and there were structural laws based on the caste system. Rulers in Southeast Asia used their Indian knowledge and personnel to increase their power. E: *Heavy taxes were imposed on common people during the Gupta Empire. India traded extensively with South East and East Asia. *One’s economic status in India could be compared to that of a capitalist society. This is because of the belief in reincarnation, and that whoever you were in your last life determined who you were in your next life. These reincarnations were placed into a caste and whichever caste you were placed in depicted your social and economic status. Who you were and what you did depicted your well being. * The Funan (SE Asia) society was able to take control over the trade route between India and China by extending control over most of Indochina and the Malay Peninsula. R: *There was a spread and development of belief systems such as Vedism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Hinduism. *There were many religious texts such as: Mahabharata- The vast epic of the events leading up to a battle between kinship groups in early India. Bhagavad-Gita: A dialogue between the great warrior Arjuna and the god Krishna about the fate of the spirit. Vedas: Religious texts communicated orally by Brahmin priests that were eventually written down and are the main source of about the Vedic period. *Buddha played a major role in the spread of Buddhism, as he was the founder. S: *Class and Caste: The varna/jati was the main categories of social identity. The Varna contained the 4 major social divisions: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra. Underneath these were the Untouchables who were excluded from the class system. The jati were the regional groups of people who had common occupancy who generally interacted with the people from their group. *In terms with the patriarchal society women had little rights. In the Gupta Empire moreso women lost their rights to own and inherit property, and were banned from studying sacred texts and participate in sacrificial rituals. They also were married at a very early age. Some women escaped male control by joining Jainist and Buddhist communities. COT: Although women were never viewed as on the same level socially as men, their rights declined dramatically between 320 C. E. -550 C. E. I: *ca. 1500 B. C. E. there was a migration of Indo-European people into northwest India. There were interactions between Asia and India through trade. * In SE Asia Indian culture was received, what was useful to them was extracted and put into beliefs and values. A: Many statues, sculptures, and temp les were built to honor Hindu deities and also to honor Buddha. important points: *ca. 500 B. C. E. – Siddhartha Gautama founds Buddhism; Mahavira founds Jainism. This is important because this was the beginning of two very important and influential religions of this time. *ca. 1500 B. C. E. – Migration of Indo-European people into northwest India. This was important because these people brought in outside influences, and they also started the prejudice of the Dasas by the Aryans, which led to the caste system. *550 C. E. – Collapse of the Gupta Empire. This was important because this was the end of an empire of poor economy and low status of women. Vocabulary *moksha: The Hindu concept of the spirit’s â€Å"liberation† from the endless cycle of rebirths. * â€Å" Great Vehicles† branch of Buddhism that focuses on reverence for Buddha and for bodhisattvas, enlightened people who have postponed nirvana to help others attain enlightenment. *Theravada Buddhism: â€Å"Way of the elders† branch of Buddhism that downplays the importance of the gods and emphasizes the individual’s search for enlightenment. Tamil Kingdoms: The kingdoms of southern India, inhabited primarily by speakers of Dravidian languages, which developed in partial isolation, that produced epics, poetry, and performance arts. *Funan: An early complex society in Southeast Asia between the 1st and 6th centuries C. E. It was centered in the rice-growing region of southern Vietnam. Comparative thesis: Although both India and Southeast Asia between 1500 B. C. E-300C. E. had apparent religion, India had a more structured system, while in Asia there was a more open influence on religion. How to cite India and Southeast Asia, 1500 B.C.E.-600 C.E., Papers

India and Southeast Asia, 1500 B.C.E.-600 C.E. Free Essays

Ashley Thompson AP World History Ms Thurgood,1-3 Chapter 6: India and Southeast Asia, 1500 B. C. E. We will write a custom essay sample on India and Southeast Asia, 1500 B.C.E.-600 C.E. or any similar topic only for you Order Now -600 C. E. P: *Around 1000 B. C. E the people were divided into kinship groups while the kings ruled over the tribes. Later under the Kings were military and civil officials, which dealt with records, income of the government and custom duties. During the Gupta empire there was a rather decentralized administration unlike the Mauryan Empire. *Brahmans and warriors were at the highest point in the Hierarchy and there were structural laws based on the caste system. Rulers in Southeast Asia used their Indian knowledge and personnel to increase their power. E: *Heavy taxes were imposed on common people during the Gupta Empire. India traded extensively with South East and East Asia. *One’s economic status in India could be compared to that of a capitalist society. This is because of the belief in reincarnation, and that whoever you were in your last life determined who you were in your next life. These reincarnations were placed into a caste and whichever caste you were placed in depicted your social and economic status. Who you were and what you did depicted your well being. * The Funan (SE Asia) society was able to take control over the trade route between India and China by extending control over most of Indochina and the Malay Peninsula. R: *There was a spread and development of belief systems such as Vedism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Hinduism. *There were many religious texts such as: Mahabharata- The vast epic of the events leading up to a battle between kinship groups in early India. Bhagavad-Gita: A dialogue between the great warrior Arjuna and the god Krishna about the fate of the spirit. Vedas: Religious texts communicated orally by Brahmin priests that were eventually written down and are the main source of about the Vedic period. *Buddha played a major role in the spread of Buddhism, as he was the founder. S: *Class and Caste: The varna/jati was the main categories of social identity. The Varna contained the 4 major social divisions: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra. Underneath these were the Untouchables who were excluded from the class system. The jati were the regional groups of people who had common occupancy who generally interacted with the people from their group. *In terms with the patriarchal society women had little rights. In the Gupta Empire moreso women lost their rights to own and inherit property, and were banned from studying sacred texts and participate in sacrificial rituals. They also were married at a very early age. Some women escaped male control by joining Jainist and Buddhist communities. COT: Although women were never viewed as on the same level socially as men, their rights declined dramatically between 320 C. E. -550 C. E. I: *ca. 1500 B. C. E. there was a migration of Indo-European people into northwest India. There were interactions between Asia and India through trade. * In SE Asia Indian culture was received, what was useful to them was extracted and put into beliefs and values. A: Many statues, sculptures, and temp les were built to honor Hindu deities and also to honor Buddha. important points: *ca. 500 B. C. E. – Siddhartha Gautama founds Buddhism; Mahavira founds Jainism. This is important because this was the beginning of two very important and influential religions of this time. *ca. 1500 B. C. E. – Migration of Indo-European people into northwest India. This was important because these people brought in outside influences, and they also started the prejudice of the Dasas by the Aryans, which led to the caste system. *550 C. E. – Collapse of the Gupta Empire. This was important because this was the end of an empire of poor economy and low status of women. Vocabulary *moksha: The Hindu concept of the spirit’s â€Å"liberation† from the endless cycle of rebirths. * â€Å" Great Vehicles† branch of Buddhism that focuses on reverence for Buddha and for bodhisattvas, enlightened people who have postponed nirvana to help others attain enlightenment. *Theravada Buddhism: â€Å"Way of the elders† branch of Buddhism that downplays the importance of the gods and emphasizes the individual’s search for enlightenment. Tamil Kingdoms: The kingdoms of southern India, inhabited primarily by speakers of Dravidian languages, which developed in partial isolation, that produced epics, poetry, and performance arts. *Funan: An early complex society in Southeast Asia between the 1st and 6th centuries C. E. It was centered in the rice-growing region of southern Vietnam. Comparative thesis: Although both India and Southeast Asia between 1500 B. C. E-300C. E. had apparent religion, India had a more structured system, while in Asia there was a more open influence on religion. How to cite India and Southeast Asia, 1500 B.C.E.-600 C.E., Papers